A Human–AI Interaction Model

<p><span>Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly embedded in our everyday lives, ranging from consumer-facing applications such as chatbots and recommendation engines to applications in high-risk domains like healthcare and autonomous driving. While these systems promise improved efficiency, creativity, and decision-making for their human users, they also introduce significant challenges related to usability, transparency, trust, and alignment with human values. This dissertation addresses these challenges by advancing the field of Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) and its specialization, Symbiotic Artificial Intelligence (SAI), which envisions AI systems that augment rather than replace human capabilities.</span></p> <p><span>The main contribution of this book is a negotiation-based model of Human–AI Interaction, grounded in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Artificial Intelligence, Software Engineering, and Ethics. This model reconceptualizes interaction as a dynamic and adaptive process, enabling users to retain control, share decision-making authority, and iteratively influence AI behavior. The model is validated through empirical studies in multiple domains, spanning different levels of risk and technological paradigms, including traditional and Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI). </span></p>