American Political Parties And Elections: A Very Short Introduction Av L. Sandy (William R. Kenan Jr. Professor Of Government William R. Kenan Jr. Pro

Few Americans and even fewer citizens of other nations understand the electoral process in the United States. Still fewer understand the role played by political parties in the electoral process or the ironies within the system. Participation in elections in the United States is much lower than in the vast majority of mature democracies. Perhaps this is because of the lack of competition in a country where only two parties have a true chance of winning, despite thefact that a large number of citizens claim allegiance to neither and think badly of both. Or perhaps it is because in the U.S. campaign contributions disproportionately favor incumbents in most legislative elections, or that largely unregulated groups such as the now notorious 527 organizations haveas much impact on the outcome of a campaign as do the parties or the candidates'' campaigns. For instance, in two of the last six presidential elections, the winner of the popular vote lost the election in the Electoral College; in