Permeation Grouting for Liquefaction Countermeasures

<P>Academic and industry experts describe the use of chemical (permeation) grouting beneath an airport runway to improve ground resistance to liquefaction. They present the cost, environmental, and operational benefits; specifications; methodology; and practical results of this cutting-edge method. Because transportation infrastructure such as ports and airports are required to operate even in the event of a large earthquake, they must be resilient against liquefaction.</P><P>Through contributions from experts in academia and industry, this book describes the discovery of construction defects at three airports in Japan and the subsequent project to repair and strengthen the ground using chemical grouting using environmentally friendly colloidal silica, the first time this technique was used in Japan. This book first describes chemical grouting and its benefits, its specifications, and field investigation results of its ground improvement performance. Next, it demonstrates a numerical a